import operator

import unicodedata
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy import schema, events, event, inspect
from sqlalchemy import MetaData, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.testing import (ComparesTables, engines, AssertsCompiledSQL,
    fixtures, skip)
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Table, Column
from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_, assert_raises, assert_raises_message
from sqlalchemy import testing
from sqlalchemy.util import ue


metadata, users = None, None

class ReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase, ComparesTables):
    __backend__ = True

    @testing.exclude('mssql', '<', (10, 0, 0),
                     'Date is only supported on MSSQL 2008+')
    @testing.exclude('mysql', '<', (4, 1, 1),
                     'early types are squirrely')
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_basic_reflection(self):
        meta = self.metadata

        users = Table('engine_users', meta,
            Column('user_id', sa.INT, primary_key=True),
            Column('user_name', sa.VARCHAR(20), nullable=False),
            Column('test1', sa.CHAR(5), nullable=False),
            Column('test2', sa.Float(5), nullable=False),
            Column('test3', sa.Text),
            Column('test4', sa.Numeric(10, 2), nullable=False),
            Column('test5', sa.Date),
            Column('parent_user_id', sa.Integer,
                   sa.ForeignKey('engine_users.user_id')),
            Column('test6', sa.Date, nullable=False),
            Column('test7', sa.Text),
            Column('test8', sa.LargeBinary),
            Column('test_passivedefault2', sa.Integer, server_default='5'),
            Column('test9', sa.LargeBinary(100)),
            Column('test10', sa.Numeric(10, 2)),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

        addresses = Table(
            'engine_email_addresses',
            meta,
            Column('address_id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('remote_user_id', sa.Integer,
                   sa.ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)),
            Column('email_address', sa.String(20)),
            test_needs_fk=True,
            )
        meta.create_all()

        meta2 = MetaData()
        reflected_users = Table('engine_users', meta2,
                                autoload=True,
                                autoload_with=testing.db)
        reflected_addresses = Table('engine_email_addresses',
                meta2, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        self.assert_tables_equal(users, reflected_users)
        self.assert_tables_equal(addresses, reflected_addresses)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_two_foreign_keys(self):
        meta = self.metadata
        Table(
            't1',
            meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('t2id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('t2.id')),
            Column('t3id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('t3.id')),
            test_needs_fk=True,
            )
        Table('t2', meta,
                    Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    test_needs_fk=True)
        Table('t3', meta,
                    Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    test_needs_fk=True)
        meta.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData()
        t1r, t2r, t3r = [Table(x, meta2, autoload=True,
                         autoload_with=testing.db) for x in ('t1',
                         't2', 't3')]
        assert t1r.c.t2id.references(t2r.c.id)
        assert t1r.c.t3id.references(t3r.c.id)

    def test_nonexistent(self):
        meta = MetaData(testing.db)
        assert_raises(sa.exc.NoSuchTableError, Table, 'nonexistent',
                      meta, autoload=True)
        assert 'nonexistent' not in meta.tables

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_include_columns(self):
        meta = self.metadata
        foo = Table('foo', meta, *[Column(n, sa.String(30))
                                   for n in ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']])
        meta.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        foo = Table('foo', meta2, autoload=True,
                    include_columns=['b', 'f', 'e'])
        # test that cols come back in original order
        eq_([c.name for c in foo.c], ['b', 'e', 'f'])
        for c in ('b', 'f', 'e'):
            assert c in foo.c
        for c in ('a', 'c', 'd'):
            assert c not in foo.c

        # test against a table which is already reflected
        meta3 = MetaData(testing.db)
        foo = Table('foo', meta3, autoload=True)
        foo = Table('foo', meta3, include_columns=['b', 'f', 'e'],
                    extend_existing=True)
        eq_([c.name for c in foo.c], ['b', 'e', 'f'])
        for c in ('b', 'f', 'e'):
            assert c in foo.c
        for c in ('a', 'c', 'd'):
            assert c not in foo.c

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_extend_existing(self):
        meta = self.metadata

        Table('t', meta,
            Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('x', Integer),
            Column('y', Integer),
            Column('z', Integer, server_default="5"),
        )
        meta.create_all()

        m2 = MetaData()
        old_z = Column('z', String, primary_key=True)
        old_y = Column('y', String)
        old_q = Column('q', Integer)
        t2 = Table('t', m2, old_z, old_q)
        eq_(t2.primary_key.columns, (t2.c.z, ))
        t2 = Table('t', m2, old_y,
                        extend_existing=True,
                        autoload=True,
                        autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(
            set(t2.columns.keys()),
            set(['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'id'])
        )
        eq_(t2.primary_key.columns, (t2.c.id, ))
        assert t2.c.z is not old_z
        assert t2.c.y is old_y
        assert t2.c.z.type._type_affinity is Integer
        assert t2.c.q is old_q

        m3 = MetaData()
        t3 = Table('t', m3, Column('z', Integer))
        t3 = Table('t', m3, extend_existing=False,
                        autoload=True,
                        autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(
            set(t3.columns.keys()),
            set(['z'])
        )

        m4 = MetaData()
        old_z = Column('z', String, primary_key=True)
        old_y = Column('y', String)
        old_q = Column('q', Integer)
        t4 = Table('t', m4, old_z, old_q)
        eq_(t4.primary_key.columns, (t4.c.z, ))
        t4 = Table('t', m4, old_y,
                        extend_existing=True,
                        autoload=True,
                        autoload_replace=False,
                        autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(
            set(t4.columns.keys()),
            set(['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'id'])
        )
        eq_(t4.primary_key.columns, (t4.c.id, ))
        assert t4.c.z is old_z
        assert t4.c.y is old_y
        assert t4.c.z.type._type_affinity is String
        assert t4.c.q is old_q

    @testing.emits_warning(r".*omitted columns")
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_include_columns_indexes(self):
        m = self.metadata

        t1 = Table('t1', m, Column('a', sa.Integer), Column('b', sa.Integer))
        sa.Index('foobar', t1.c.a, t1.c.b)
        sa.Index('bat', t1.c.a)
        m.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table('t1', m2, autoload=True)
        assert len(t2.indexes) == 2

        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table('t1', m2, autoload=True, include_columns=['a'])
        assert len(t2.indexes) == 1

        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table('t1', m2, autoload=True, include_columns=['a', 'b'])
        assert len(t2.indexes) == 2

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoload_replace_foreign_key_nonpresent(self):
        """test autoload_replace=False with col plus FK
        establishes the FK not present in the DB.

        """
        Table('a', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))
        Table('b', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
                                    Column('a_id', Integer))
        self.metadata.create_all()

        m2 = MetaData()
        b2 = Table('b', m2, Column('a_id', Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.id')))
        a2 = Table('a', m2, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        b2 = Table('b', m2, extend_existing=True, autoload=True,
                                autoload_with=testing.db,
                                autoload_replace=False)

        assert b2.c.id is not None
        assert b2.c.a_id.references(a2.c.id)
        eq_(len(b2.constraints), 2)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoload_replace_foreign_key_ispresent(self):
        """test autoload_replace=False with col plus FK mirroring
        DB-reflected FK skips the reflected FK and installs
        the in-python one only.

        """
        Table('a', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))
        Table('b', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
                                    Column('a_id', Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.id')))
        self.metadata.create_all()

        m2 = MetaData()
        b2 = Table('b', m2, Column('a_id', Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.id')))
        a2 = Table('a', m2, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        b2 = Table('b', m2, extend_existing=True, autoload=True,
                                autoload_with=testing.db,
                                autoload_replace=False)

        assert b2.c.id is not None
        assert b2.c.a_id.references(a2.c.id)
        eq_(len(b2.constraints), 2)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoload_replace_foreign_key_removed(self):
        """test autoload_replace=False with col minus FK that's in the
        DB means the FK is skipped and doesn't get installed at all.

        """
        Table('a', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))
        Table('b', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
                                    Column('a_id', Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.id')))
        self.metadata.create_all()

        m2 = MetaData()
        b2 = Table('b', m2, Column('a_id', Integer))
        a2 = Table('a', m2, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        b2 = Table('b', m2, extend_existing=True, autoload=True,
                                autoload_with=testing.db,
                                autoload_replace=False)

        assert b2.c.id is not None
        assert not b2.c.a_id.references(a2.c.id)
        eq_(len(b2.constraints), 1)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoload_replace_primary_key(self):
        Table('a', self.metadata, Column('id', Integer))
        self.metadata.create_all()

        m2 = MetaData()
        a2 = Table('a', m2, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))

        Table('a', m2, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db,
                        autoload_replace=False, extend_existing=True)
        eq_(list(a2.primary_key), [a2.c.id])

    def test_autoload_replace_arg(self):
        Table('t', MetaData(), autoload_replace=False)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoincrement_col(self):
        """test that 'autoincrement' is reflected according to sqla's policy.

        Don't mark this test as unsupported for any backend !

        (technically it fails with MySQL InnoDB since "id" comes before "id2")

        """

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('test', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('data', sa.String(50)),
            mysql_engine='MyISAM'
        )
        Table('test2', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('test.id'),
                                        primary_key=True),
            Column('id2', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('data', sa.String(50)),
            mysql_engine='MyISAM'
        )
        meta.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t1a = Table('test', m2, autoload=True)
        assert t1a._autoincrement_column is t1a.c.id

        t2a = Table('test2', m2, autoload=True)
        assert t2a._autoincrement_column is t2a.c.id2

    @skip('sqlite')
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_unknown_types(self):
        """Test the handling of unknown types for the given dialect.

        sqlite is skipped because it has special rules for unknown types using
        'affinity types' - this feature is tested in that dialect's test spec.
        """
        meta = self.metadata
        t = Table("test", meta,
            Column('foo', sa.DateTime))

        ischema_names = testing.db.dialect.ischema_names
        t.create()
        testing.db.dialect.ischema_names = {}
        try:
            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
            assert_raises(sa.exc.SAWarning, Table, "test", m2, autoload=True)

            @testing.emits_warning('Did not recognize type')
            def warns():
                m3 = MetaData(testing.db)
                t3 = Table("test", m3, autoload=True)
                assert t3.c.foo.type.__class__ == sa.types.NullType

        finally:
            testing.db.dialect.ischema_names = ischema_names

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_basic_override(self):
        meta = self.metadata
        table = Table(
            'override_test', meta,
            Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('col2', sa.String(20)),
            Column('col3', sa.Numeric)
        )
        table.create()

        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table(
            'override_test', meta2,
            Column('col2', sa.Unicode()),
            Column('col4', sa.String(30)), autoload=True)

        self.assert_(isinstance(table.c.col1.type, sa.Integer))
        self.assert_(isinstance(table.c.col2.type, sa.Unicode))
        self.assert_(isinstance(table.c.col4.type, sa.String))

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_upgrade_pk_flag(self):
        meta = self.metadata
        table = Table(
            'override_test', meta,
            Column('col1', sa.Integer),
            Column('col2', sa.String(20)),
            Column('col3', sa.Numeric)
        )
        table.create()

        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        table = Table(
            'override_test', meta2,
            Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            autoload=True)

        eq_(list(table.primary_key), [table.c.col1])
        eq_(table.c.col1.primary_key, True)


    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_pkfk(self):
        """test that you can override columns which contain foreign keys
        to other reflected tables, where the foreign key column is also
        a primary key column"""

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('users', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('name', sa.String(30)))
        Table('addresses', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('street', sa.String(30)))


        meta.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        a2 = Table('addresses', meta2,
            Column('id', sa.Integer,
                   sa.ForeignKey('users.id'), primary_key=True),
            autoload=True)
        u2 = Table('users', meta2, autoload=True)

        assert list(a2.primary_key) == [a2.c.id]
        assert list(u2.primary_key) == [u2.c.id]
        assert u2.join(a2).onclause.compare(u2.c.id == a2.c.id)

        meta3 = MetaData(testing.db)
        u3 = Table('users', meta3, autoload=True)
        a3 = Table('addresses', meta3,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.id'),
                   primary_key=True),
            autoload=True)

        assert list(a3.primary_key) == [a3.c.id]
        assert list(u3.primary_key) == [u3.c.id]
        assert u3.join(a3).onclause.compare(u3.c.id == a3.c.id)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_nonexistent_fk(self):
        """test that you can override columns and create new foreign
        keys to other reflected tables which have no foreign keys.  this
        is common with MySQL MyISAM tables."""

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('users', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('name', sa.String(30)))
        Table('addresses', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('street', sa.String(30)),
            Column('user_id', sa.Integer))

        meta.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        a2 = Table('addresses', meta2,
                Column('user_id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.id')),
               autoload=True)
        u2 = Table('users', meta2, autoload=True)
        assert len(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert len(a2.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.foreign_keys] == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys] \
            == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert list(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys)[0].parent \
            is a2.c.user_id
        assert u2.join(a2).onclause.compare(u2.c.id == a2.c.user_id)
        meta3 = MetaData(testing.db)

        u3 = Table('users', meta3, autoload=True)

        a3 = Table('addresses', meta3, Column('user_id',
                   sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.id')),
                   autoload=True)
        assert u3.join(a3).onclause.compare(u3.c.id == a3.c.user_id)

        meta4 = MetaData(testing.db)

        u4 = Table('users', meta4,
                Column('id', sa.Integer, key='u_id', primary_key=True),
                autoload=True)

        a4 = Table(
            'addresses',
            meta4,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, key='street',
                   primary_key=True),
            Column('street', sa.String(30), key='user_id'),
            Column('user_id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.u_id'
                   ), key='id'),
            autoload=True,
            )
        assert u4.join(a4).onclause.compare(u4.c.u_id == a4.c.id)
        assert list(u4.primary_key) == [u4.c.u_id]
        assert len(u4.columns) == 2
        assert len(u4.constraints) == 1
        assert len(a4.columns) == 3
        assert len(a4.constraints) == 2

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_composite_fk(self):
        """Test double-remove of composite foreign key, when replaced."""

        metadata = self.metadata

        Table('a',
            metadata,
            Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('y', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
        )

        Table('b',
            metadata,
            Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('y', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['x', 'y'], ['a.x', 'a.y'])
        )

        metadata.create_all()

        meta2 = MetaData()

        c1 = Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
        c2 = Column('y', sa.Integer, primary_key=True)
        f1 = sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['x', 'y'], ['a.x', 'a.y'])
        b1 = Table('b',
            meta2, c1, c2, f1,
            autoload=True,
            autoload_with=testing.db
        )

        assert b1.c.x is c1
        assert b1.c.y is c2
        assert f1 in b1.constraints
        assert len(b1.constraints) == 2



    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_keys(self):
        """test that columns can be overridden with a 'key',
        and that ForeignKey targeting during reflection still works."""

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('a', meta,
            Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('z', sa.Integer),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        Table('b', meta,
            Column('y', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.x')),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        meta.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        a2 = Table('a', m2,
                Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True, key='x1'),
                autoload=True)
        b2 = Table('b', m2, autoload=True)
        assert a2.join(b2).onclause.compare(a2.c.x1 == b2.c.y)
        assert b2.c.y.references(a2.c.x1)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_nonreflected_fk_raises(self):
        """test that a NoReferencedColumnError is raised when reflecting
        a table with an FK to another table which has not included the target
        column in its reflection.

        """

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('a', meta,
            Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('z', sa.Integer),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        Table('b', meta,
            Column('y', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('a.x')),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        meta.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        a2 = Table('a', m2, include_columns=['z'], autoload=True)
        b2 = Table('b', m2, autoload=True)

        assert_raises(sa.exc.NoReferencedColumnError, a2.join, b2)

    @testing.exclude('mysql', '<', (4, 1, 1), 'innodb funkiness')
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_override_existing_fk(self):
        """test that you can override columns and specify new foreign
        keys to other reflected tables, on columns which *do* already
        have that foreign key, and that the FK is not duped. """

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('users', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('name', sa.String(30)),
            test_needs_fk=True)
        Table('addresses', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('user_id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.id')),
            test_needs_fk=True)

        meta.create_all()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        a2 = Table('addresses', meta2,
                Column('user_id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('users.id')),
                autoload=True)
        u2 = Table('users', meta2, autoload=True)
        s = sa.select([a2])

        assert s.c.user_id is not None
        assert len(a2.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert len(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert len(a2.constraints) == 2
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.foreign_keys] == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys] \
            == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert list(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys)[0].parent \
            is a2.c.user_id
        assert u2.join(a2).onclause.compare(u2.c.id == a2.c.user_id)

        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        u2 = Table('users', meta2, Column('id', sa.Integer,
                   primary_key=True), autoload=True)
        a2 = Table('addresses', meta2, Column('id', sa.Integer,
                   primary_key=True), Column('user_id', sa.Integer,
                   sa.ForeignKey('users.id')), autoload=True)
        s = sa.select([a2])

        assert s.c.user_id is not None
        assert len(a2.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert len(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert len(a2.constraints) == 2
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.foreign_keys] == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert [c.parent for c in a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys] \
            == [a2.c.user_id]
        assert list(a2.c.user_id.foreign_keys)[0].parent \
            is a2.c.user_id
        assert u2.join(a2).onclause.compare(u2.c.id == a2.c.user_id)

    @testing.only_on(['postgresql', 'mysql'])
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_fk_options(self):
        """test that foreign key reflection includes options (on
        backends with {dialect}.get_foreign_keys() support)"""

        if testing.against('postgresql'):
            test_attrs = ('match', 'onupdate', 'ondelete', 'deferrable', 'initially')
            addresses_user_id_fkey = sa.ForeignKey(
                # Each option is specifically not a Postgres default, or
                # it won't be returned by PG's inspection
                'users.id',
                name = 'addresses_user_id_fkey',
                match='FULL',
                onupdate='RESTRICT',
                ondelete='RESTRICT',
                deferrable=True,
                initially='DEFERRED'
            )
        elif testing.against('mysql'):
            # MATCH, DEFERRABLE, and INITIALLY cannot be defined for MySQL
            # ON UPDATE and ON DELETE have defaults of RESTRICT, which are
            # elided by MySQL's inspection
            addresses_user_id_fkey = sa.ForeignKey(
                'users.id',
                name = 'addresses_user_id_fkey',
                onupdate='CASCADE',
                ondelete='CASCADE'
            )
            test_attrs = ('onupdate', 'ondelete')

        meta = self.metadata
        Table('users', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('name', sa.String(30)),
            test_needs_fk=True)
        Table('addresses', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('user_id', sa.Integer, addresses_user_id_fkey),
            test_needs_fk=True)
        meta.create_all()

        meta2 = MetaData()
        meta2.reflect(testing.db)
        for fk in meta2.tables['addresses'].foreign_keys:
            ref = addresses_user_id_fkey
            for attr in test_attrs:
                eq_(getattr(fk, attr), getattr(ref, attr))

    def test_pks_not_uniques(self):
        """test that primary key reflection not tripped up by unique
        indexes"""

        testing.db.execute("""
        CREATE TABLE book (
            id INTEGER NOT NULL,
            title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
            series INTEGER,
            series_id INTEGER,
            UNIQUE(series, series_id),
            PRIMARY KEY(id)
        )""")
        try:
            metadata = MetaData(bind=testing.db)
            book = Table('book', metadata, autoload=True)
            assert book.primary_key.contains_column(book.c.id)
            assert not book.primary_key.contains_column(book.c.series)
            assert len(book.primary_key) == 1
        finally:
            testing.db.execute("drop table book")

    def test_fk_error(self):
        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
        Table('slots', metadata,
            Column('slot_id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('pkg_id', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('pkgs.pkg_id')),
            Column('slot', sa.String(128)),
            )

        assert_raises_message(sa.exc.InvalidRequestError,
                            "Foreign key associated with column 'slots.pkg_id' "
                            "could not find table 'pkgs' with which to generate "
                            "a foreign key to target column 'pkg_id'",
                              metadata.create_all)

    def test_composite_pks(self):
        """test reflection of a composite primary key"""

        testing.db.execute("""
        CREATE TABLE book (
            id INTEGER NOT NULL,
            isbn VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
            title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
            series INTEGER NOT NULL,
            series_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
            UNIQUE(series, series_id),
            PRIMARY KEY(id, isbn)
        )""")
        try:
            metadata = MetaData(bind=testing.db)
            book = Table('book', metadata, autoload=True)
            assert book.primary_key.contains_column(book.c.id)
            assert book.primary_key.contains_column(book.c.isbn)
            assert not book.primary_key.contains_column(book.c.series)
            assert len(book.primary_key) == 2
        finally:
            testing.db.execute("drop table book")

    @testing.exclude('mysql', '<', (4, 1, 1), 'innodb funkiness')
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_composite_fk(self):
        """test reflection of composite foreign keys"""

        meta = self.metadata
        multi = Table(
            'multi', meta,
            Column('multi_id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('multi_rev', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('multi_hoho', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('name', sa.String(50), nullable=False),
            Column('val', sa.String(100)),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )
        multi2 = Table('multi2', meta,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('foo', sa.Integer),
            Column('bar', sa.Integer),
            Column('lala', sa.Integer),
            Column('data', sa.String(50)),
            sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['foo', 'bar', 'lala'],
             ['multi.multi_id', 'multi.multi_rev', 'multi.multi_hoho'
             ]),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )
        meta.create_all()

        meta2 = MetaData()
        table = Table('multi', meta2, autoload=True,
                      autoload_with=testing.db)
        table2 = Table('multi2', meta2, autoload=True,
                       autoload_with=testing.db)
        self.assert_tables_equal(multi, table)
        self.assert_tables_equal(multi2, table2)
        j = sa.join(table, table2)

        self.assert_(sa.and_(table.c.multi_id == table2.c.foo,
                     table.c.multi_rev == table2.c.bar,
                     table.c.multi_hoho
                     == table2.c.lala).compare(j.onclause))


    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, confirm not fails_on')
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reserved(self):

        # check a table that uses an SQL reserved name doesn't cause an
        # error

        meta = self.metadata
        table_a = Table('select', meta, Column('not', sa.Integer,
                        primary_key=True), Column('from',
                        sa.String(12), nullable=False),
                        sa.UniqueConstraint('from', name='when'))
        sa.Index('where', table_a.c['from'])

        # There's currently no way to calculate identifier case
        # normalization in isolation, so...

        if testing.against('firebird', 'oracle'):
            check_col = 'TRUE'
        else:
            check_col = 'true'
        quoter = meta.bind.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote_identifier

        Table('false', meta,
                    Column('create', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    Column('true', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('select.not')),
                    sa.CheckConstraint('%s <> 1'
                        % quoter(check_col), name='limit')
                    )

        table_c = Table('is', meta,
                Column('or', sa.Integer, nullable=False, primary_key=True),
                Column('join', sa.Integer, nullable=False, primary_key=True),
                sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('or', 'join', name='to')
                )
        index_c = sa.Index('else', table_c.c.join)
        meta.create_all()
        index_c.drop()
        meta2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        Table('select', meta2, autoload=True)
        Table('false', meta2, autoload=True)
        Table('is', meta2, autoload=True)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_reflect_uses_bind(self, fn):
        from sqlalchemy.pool import AssertionPool
        e = engines.testing_engine(options={"poolclass": AssertionPool})
        fn(e)

    @testing.uses_deprecated()
    def test_reflect_uses_bind_constructor_conn(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData(e.connect(),
                    reflect=True))

    @testing.uses_deprecated()
    def test_reflect_uses_bind_constructor_engine(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData(e, reflect=True))

    def test_reflect_uses_bind_constructor_conn_reflect(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData(e.connect()).reflect())

    def test_reflect_uses_bind_constructor_engine_reflect(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData(e).reflect())

    def test_reflect_uses_bind_conn_reflect(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData().reflect(e.connect()))

    def test_reflect_uses_bind_engine_reflect(self):
        self._test_reflect_uses_bind(lambda e: MetaData().reflect(e))


    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_all(self):
        existing = testing.db.table_names()

        names = ['rt_%s' % name for name in ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')]
        nameset = set(names)
        for name in names:
            # be sure our starting environment is sane
            self.assert_(name not in existing)
        self.assert_('rt_f' not in existing)

        baseline = self.metadata
        for name in names:
            Table(name, baseline, Column('id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True))
        baseline.create_all()

        m1 = MetaData(testing.db)
        self.assert_(not m1.tables)
        m1.reflect()
        self.assert_(nameset.issubset(set(m1.tables.keys())))

        m2 = MetaData()
        m2.reflect(testing.db, only=['rt_a', 'rt_b'])
        self.assert_(set(m2.tables.keys()) == set(['rt_a', 'rt_b']))

        m3 = MetaData()
        c = testing.db.connect()
        m3.reflect(bind=c, only=lambda name, meta: name == 'rt_c')
        self.assert_(set(m3.tables.keys()) == set(['rt_c']))

        m4 = MetaData(testing.db)
        try:
            m4.reflect(only=['rt_a', 'rt_f'])
            self.assert_(False)
        except sa.exc.InvalidRequestError as e:
            self.assert_(e.args[0].endswith('(rt_f)'))

        m5 = MetaData(testing.db)
        m5.reflect(only=[])
        self.assert_(not m5.tables)

        m6 = MetaData(testing.db)
        m6.reflect(only=lambda n, m: False)
        self.assert_(not m6.tables)

        m7 = MetaData(testing.db)
        m7.reflect()
        self.assert_(nameset.issubset(set(m7.tables.keys())))

        m8 = MetaData()
        assert_raises(
            sa.exc.UnboundExecutionError,
            m8.reflect
        )

        m8_e1 = MetaData(testing.db)
        rt_c = Table('rt_c', m8_e1)
        m8_e1.reflect(extend_existing=True)
        eq_(set(m8_e1.tables.keys()), set(names))
        eq_(rt_c.c.keys(), ['id'])

        m8_e2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        rt_c = Table('rt_c', m8_e2)
        m8_e2.reflect(extend_existing=True, only=['rt_a', 'rt_c'])
        eq_(set(m8_e2.tables.keys()), set(['rt_a', 'rt_c']))
        eq_(rt_c.c.keys(), ['id'])

        if existing:
            print("Other tables present in database, skipping some checks.")
        else:
            baseline.drop_all()
            m9 = MetaData(testing.db)
            m9.reflect()
            self.assert_(not m9.tables)

    def test_reflect_all_conn_closing(self):
        m1 = MetaData()
        c = testing.db.connect()
        m1.reflect(bind=c)
        assert not c.closed

    def test_inspector_conn_closing(self):
        c = testing.db.connect()
        inspect(c)
        assert not c.closed

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection(self):
        m1 = self.metadata
        t1 = Table('party', m1,
            Column('id', sa.Integer, nullable=False),
            Column('name', sa.String(20), index=True)
            )
        sa.Index('idx1', t1.c.id, unique=True)
        sa.Index('idx2', t1.c.name, t1.c.id, unique=False)
        m1.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2 = Table('party', m2, autoload=True)

        assert len(t2.indexes) == 3
        # Make sure indexes are in the order we expect them in
        tmp = [(idx.name, idx) for idx in t2.indexes]
        tmp.sort()
        r1, r2, r3 = [idx[1] for idx in tmp]

        assert r1.name == 'idx1'
        assert r2.name == 'idx2'
        assert r1.unique == True
        assert r2.unique == False
        assert r3.unique == False
        assert set([t2.c.id]) == set(r1.columns)
        assert set([t2.c.name, t2.c.id]) == set(r2.columns)
        assert set([t2.c.name]) == set(r3.columns)

    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_index_reflection_cols_busted(self):
        t = Table('x', self.metadata,
                  Column('a', Integer), Column('b', Integer))
        sa.Index('x_ix', t.c.a, t.c.b)
        self.metadata.create_all()

        def mock_get_columns(self, connection, table_name, **kw):
            return [
                {"name": "b", "type": Integer, "primary_key": False}
            ]

        with testing.mock.patch.object(
                testing.db.dialect, "get_columns", mock_get_columns):
            m = MetaData()
            with testing.expect_warnings(
                    "index key 'a' was not located in columns"):
                t = Table('x', m, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)

        eq_(list(t.indexes)[0].columns, [t.c.b])

    @testing.requires.views
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_views(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        users, addresses, dingalings = createTables(metadata)
        try:
            metadata.create_all()
            _create_views(metadata.bind, None)
            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
            users_v = Table("users_v", m2, autoload=True)
            addresses_v = Table("email_addresses_v", m2, autoload=True)

            for c1, c2 in zip(users_v.c, users.c):
                eq_(c1.name, c2.name)
                self.assert_types_base(c1, c2)

            for c1, c2 in zip(addresses_v.c, addresses.c):
                eq_(c1.name, c2.name)
                self.assert_types_base(c1, c2)
        finally:
            _drop_views(metadata.bind)

    @testing.requires.views
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_all_with_views(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        users, addresses, dingalings = createTables(metadata, None)
        try:
            metadata.create_all()
            _create_views(metadata.bind, None)
            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)

            m2.reflect(views=False)
            eq_(
                set(m2.tables),
                set(['users', 'email_addresses', 'dingalings'])
            )

            m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
            m2.reflect(views=True)
            eq_(
                set(m2.tables),
                set(['email_addresses_v', 'users_v',
                            'users', 'dingalings', 'email_addresses'])
            )
        finally:
            _drop_views(metadata.bind)

class CreateDropTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        global metadata, users
        metadata = MetaData()
        users = Table('users', metadata,
                    Column('user_id', sa.Integer,
                      sa.Sequence('user_id_seq', optional=True),
                      primary_key=True),
                    Column('user_name', sa.String(40)))

        Table('email_addresses', metadata,
                      Column('address_id', sa.Integer,
                          sa.Sequence('address_id_seq', optional=True),
                          primary_key=True),
                      Column('user_id',
                          sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)),
                      Column('email_address', sa.String(40)))

        Table(
            'orders',
            metadata,
            Column('order_id', sa.Integer, sa.Sequence('order_id_seq',
                   optional=True), primary_key=True),
            Column('user_id', sa.Integer,
                   sa.ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)),
            Column('description', sa.String(50)),
            Column('isopen', sa.Integer),
            )
        Table('items', metadata,
                        Column('item_id', sa.INT,
                           sa.Sequence('items_id_seq', optional=True),
                               primary_key=True),
                        Column('order_id',
                           sa.INT, sa.ForeignKey('orders')),
                           Column('item_name', sa.VARCHAR(50)))

    def test_sorter(self):
        tables = metadata.sorted_tables
        table_names = [t.name for t in tables]
        ua = [n for n in table_names if n in ('users', 'email_addresses')]
        oi = [n for n in table_names if n in ('orders', 'items')]

        eq_(ua, ['users', 'email_addresses'])
        eq_(oi, ['orders', 'items'])


    def test_checkfirst(self):
        try:
            assert not users.exists(testing.db)
            users.create(bind=testing.db)
            assert users.exists(testing.db)
            users.create(bind=testing.db, checkfirst=True)
            users.drop(bind=testing.db)
            users.drop(bind=testing.db, checkfirst=True)
            assert not users.exists(bind=testing.db)
            users.create(bind=testing.db, checkfirst=True)
            users.drop(bind=testing.db)
        finally:
            metadata.drop_all(bind=testing.db)

    def test_createdrop(self):
        metadata.create_all(bind=testing.db)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('items'), True)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('email_addresses'), True)
        metadata.create_all(bind=testing.db)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('items'), True)

        metadata.drop_all(bind=testing.db)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('items'), False)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('email_addresses'), False)
        metadata.drop_all(bind=testing.db)
        eq_(testing.db.has_table('items'), False)

    def test_tablenames(self):
        metadata.create_all(bind=testing.db)

        # we only check to see if all the explicitly created tables are
        # there, rather than assertEqual -- the test db could have
        # "extra" tables if there is a misconfigured template.  (*cough*
        # tsearch2 w/ the pg windows installer.)

        self.assert_(not set(metadata.tables)
                     - set(testing.db.table_names()))
        metadata.drop_all(bind=testing.db)

class SchemaManipulationTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __backend__ = True

    def test_append_constraint_unique(self):
        meta = MetaData()

        users = Table('users', meta, Column('id', sa.Integer))
        addresses = Table('addresses', meta,
                        Column('id', sa.Integer),
                        Column('user_id', sa.Integer))

        fk = sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['user_id'], [users.c.id])

        addresses.append_constraint(fk)
        addresses.append_constraint(fk)
        assert len(addresses.c.user_id.foreign_keys) == 1
        assert addresses.constraints == set([addresses.primary_key, fk])

class UnicodeReflectionTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.metadata = metadata = MetaData()

        no_multibyte_period = set([
            ('plain', 'col_plain', 'ix_plain')
        ])
        no_has_table = [
            ('no_has_table_1', ue('col_Unit\u00e9ble'), ue('ix_Unit\u00e9ble')),
            ('no_has_table_2', ue('col_\u6e2c\u8a66'), ue('ix_\u6e2c\u8a66')),
        ]
        no_case_sensitivity = [
            (ue('\u6e2c\u8a66'), ue('col_\u6e2c\u8a66'), ue('ix_\u6e2c\u8a66')),
            (ue('unit\u00e9ble'), ue('col_unit\u00e9ble'), ue('ix_unit\u00e9ble')),
        ]
        full = [
            (ue('Unit\u00e9ble'), ue('col_Unit\u00e9ble'), ue('ix_Unit\u00e9ble')),
            (ue('\u6e2c\u8a66'), ue('col_\u6e2c\u8a66'), ue('ix_\u6e2c\u8a66')),
        ]

        # as you can see, our options for this kind of thing
        # are really limited unless you're on PG or SQLite

        # forget about it on these backends
        if not testing.requires.unicode_ddl.enabled:
            names = no_multibyte_period
        # mysql can't handle casing usually
        elif testing.against("mysql") and \
                not testing.requires.mysql_fully_case_sensitive.enabled:
            names = no_multibyte_period.union(no_case_sensitivity)
        # mssql + pyodbc + freetds can't compare multibyte names to
        # information_schema.tables.table_name
        elif testing.against("mssql"):
            names = no_multibyte_period.union(no_has_table)
        else:
            names = no_multibyte_period.union(full)

        for tname, cname, ixname in names:
            t = Table(tname, metadata,
                        Column('id', sa.Integer,
                                sa.Sequence(cname + '_id_seq'),
                                primary_key=True),
                        Column(cname, Integer)
                  )
            schema.Index(ixname, t.c[cname])

        metadata.create_all(testing.db)
        cls.names = names

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls):
        cls.metadata.drop_all(testing.db, checkfirst=False)

    @testing.requires.unicode_connections
    def test_has_table(self):
        for tname, cname, ixname in self.names:
            assert testing.db.has_table(tname), "Can't detect name %s" % tname

    @testing.requires.unicode_connections
    def test_basic(self):
        # the 'convert_unicode' should not get in the way of the
        # reflection process.  reflecttable for oracle, postgresql
        # (others?) expect non-unicode strings in result sets/bind
        # params

        bind = testing.db
        names = set([rec[0] for rec in self.names])

        reflected = set(bind.table_names())

        # Jython 2.5 on Java 5 lacks unicodedata.normalize

        if not names.issubset(reflected) and hasattr(unicodedata, 'normalize'):

            # Python source files in the utf-8 coding seem to
            # normalize literals as NFC (and the above are
            # explicitly NFC).  Maybe this database normalizes NFD
            # on reflection.

            nfc = set([unicodedata.normalize('NFC', n) for n in names])
            self.assert_(nfc == names)

            # Yep.  But still ensure that bulk reflection and
            # create/drop work with either normalization.

        r = MetaData(bind)
        r.reflect()
        r.drop_all(checkfirst=False)
        r.create_all(checkfirst=False)

    @testing.requires.unicode_connections
    def test_get_names(self):
        inspector = inspect(testing.db)
        names = dict(
            (tname, (cname, ixname)) for tname, cname, ixname in self.names
        )
        for tname in inspector.get_table_names():
            assert tname in names
            eq_(
                [
                    (rec['name'], rec['column_names'][0])
                    for rec in inspector.get_indexes(tname)
                ],
                [(names[tname][1], names[tname][0])]
            )

class SchemaTest(fixtures.TestBase):
    __backend__ = True

    @testing.requires.schemas
    @testing.requires.cross_schema_fk_reflection
    def test_has_schema(self):
        eq_(testing.db.dialect.has_schema(testing.db, 'test_schema'), True)
        eq_(testing.db.dialect.has_schema(testing.db, 'sa_fake_schema_123'), False)

    @testing.requires.schemas
    @testing.fails_on('sqlite', 'FIXME: unknown')
    @testing.fails_on('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown')
    def test_explicit_default_schema(self):
        engine = testing.db
        engine.connect().close()

        if testing.against('sqlite'):
            # Works for CREATE TABLE main.foo, SELECT FROM main.foo, etc.,
            # but fails on:
            #   FOREIGN KEY(col2) REFERENCES main.table1 (col1)
            schema = 'main'
        else:
            schema = engine.dialect.default_schema_name

        assert bool(schema)

        metadata = MetaData(engine)
        Table('table1', metadata,
                       Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                       test_needs_fk=True,
                       schema=schema)
        Table('table2', metadata,
                       Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                       Column('col2', sa.Integer,
                              sa.ForeignKey('%s.table1.col1' % schema)),
                       test_needs_fk=True,
                       schema=schema)
        try:
            metadata.create_all()
            metadata.create_all(checkfirst=True)
            assert len(metadata.tables) == 2
            metadata.clear()

            Table('table1', metadata, autoload=True, schema=schema)
            Table('table2', metadata, autoload=True, schema=schema)
            assert len(metadata.tables) == 2
        finally:
            metadata.drop_all()

    @testing.requires.schemas
    @testing.fails_on('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown')
    def test_explicit_default_schema_metadata(self):
        engine = testing.db

        if testing.against('sqlite'):
            # Works for CREATE TABLE main.foo, SELECT FROM main.foo, etc.,
            # but fails on:
            #   FOREIGN KEY(col2) REFERENCES main.table1 (col1)
            schema = 'main'
        else:
            schema = engine.dialect.default_schema_name

        assert bool(schema)

        metadata = MetaData(engine, schema=schema)
        Table('table1', metadata,
                       Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                       test_needs_fk=True)
        Table('table2', metadata,
                       Column('col1', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                       Column('col2', sa.Integer,
                              sa.ForeignKey('table1.col1')),
                       test_needs_fk=True)
        try:
            metadata.create_all()
            metadata.create_all(checkfirst=True)
            assert len(metadata.tables) == 2
            metadata.clear()

            Table('table1', metadata, autoload=True)
            Table('table2', metadata, autoload=True)
            assert len(metadata.tables) == 2
        finally:
            metadata.drop_all()

    @testing.requires.schemas
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_metadata_reflect_schema(self):
        metadata = self.metadata
        createTables(metadata, "test_schema")
        metadata.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData(schema="test_schema", bind=testing.db)
        m2.reflect()
        eq_(
            set(m2.tables),
            set(['test_schema.dingalings', 'test_schema.users',
                'test_schema.email_addresses'])
        )

    @testing.requires.schemas
    @testing.requires.cross_schema_fk_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_all_schemas_default_overlap(self):
        t1 = Table('t', self.metadata,
                Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True))

        t2 = Table('t', self.metadata,
            Column('id1', sa.ForeignKey('t.id')),
            schema="test_schema"
        )

        self.metadata.create_all()
        m2 = MetaData()
        m2.reflect(testing.db, schema="test_schema")

        m3 = MetaData()
        m3.reflect(testing.db)
        m3.reflect(testing.db, schema="test_schema")

        eq_(
            set((t.name, t.schema) for t in m2.tables.values()),
            set((t.name, t.schema) for t in m3.tables.values())
        )




# Tests related to engine.reflection


def createTables(meta, schema=None):
    if schema:
        schema_prefix = schema + "."
    else:
        schema_prefix = ""

    users = Table('users', meta,
        Column('user_id', sa.INT, primary_key=True),
        Column('user_name', sa.VARCHAR(20), nullable=False),
        Column('test1', sa.CHAR(5), nullable=False),
        Column('test2', sa.Float(5), nullable=False),
        Column('test3', sa.Text),
        Column('test4', sa.Numeric(10, 2), nullable=False),
        Column('test5', sa.Date),
        Column('test5_1', sa.TIMESTAMP),
        Column('parent_user_id', sa.Integer,
                    sa.ForeignKey('%susers.user_id' % schema_prefix)),
        Column('test6', sa.Date, nullable=False),
        Column('test7', sa.Text),
        Column('test8', sa.LargeBinary),
        Column('test_passivedefault2', sa.Integer, server_default='5'),
        Column('test9', sa.LargeBinary(100)),
        Column('test10', sa.Numeric(10, 2)),
        schema=schema,
        test_needs_fk=True,
    )
    dingalings = Table("dingalings", meta,
                Column('dingaling_id', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                Column('address_id', sa.Integer,
                     sa.ForeignKey('%semail_addresses.address_id' % schema_prefix)),
                Column('data', sa.String(30)),
                schema=schema, test_needs_fk=True,
            )
    addresses = Table('email_addresses', meta,
        Column('address_id', sa.Integer),
        Column('remote_user_id', sa.Integer,
               sa.ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)),
        Column('email_address', sa.String(20)),
        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('address_id', name='email_ad_pk'),
        schema=schema,
        test_needs_fk=True,
    )

    return (users, addresses, dingalings)

def createIndexes(con, schema=None):
    fullname = 'users'
    if schema:
        fullname = "%s.%s" % (schema, 'users')
    query = "CREATE INDEX users_t_idx ON %s (test1, test2)" % fullname
    con.execute(sa.sql.text(query))

@testing.requires.views
def _create_views(con, schema=None):
    for table_name in ('users', 'email_addresses'):
        fullname = table_name
        if schema:
            fullname = "%s.%s" % (schema, table_name)
        view_name = fullname + '_v'
        query = "CREATE VIEW %s AS SELECT * FROM %s" % (view_name,
                                                                   fullname)
        con.execute(sa.sql.text(query))

@testing.requires.views
def _drop_views(con, schema=None):
    for table_name in ('email_addresses', 'users'):
        fullname = table_name
        if schema:
            fullname = "%s.%s" % (schema, table_name)
        view_name = fullname + '_v'
        query = "DROP VIEW %s" % view_name
        con.execute(sa.sql.text(query))


class ReverseCasingReflectTest(fixtures.TestBase, AssertsCompiledSQL):
    __dialect__ = 'default'
    __backend__ = True

    @testing.requires.denormalized_names
    def setup(self):
        testing.db.execute("""
        CREATE TABLE weird_casing(
                col1 char(20),
                "Col2" char(20),
                "col3" char(20)
        )
        """)

    @testing.requires.denormalized_names
    def teardown(self):
        testing.db.execute("drop table weird_casing")

    @testing.requires.denormalized_names
    def test_direct_quoting(self):
        m = MetaData(testing.db)
        t = Table('weird_casing', m, autoload=True)
        self.assert_compile(t.select(),
                            'SELECT weird_casing.col1, '
                            'weird_casing."Col2", weird_casing."col3" '
                            'FROM weird_casing')

class CaseSensitiveTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    """Nail down case sensitive behaviors, mostly on MySQL."""
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        Table('SomeTable', metadata,
            Column('x', Integer, primary_key=True),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        Table('SomeOtherTable', metadata,
            Column('x', Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('y', Integer, sa.ForeignKey("SomeTable.x")),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )

    @testing.fails_if(testing.requires._has_mysql_on_windows)
    def test_table_names(self):
        x = testing.db.run_callable(
            testing.db.dialect.get_table_names
        )
        assert set(["SomeTable", "SomeOtherTable"]).issubset(x)

    def test_reflect_exact_name(self):
        m = MetaData()
        t1 = Table("SomeTable", m, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(t1.name, "SomeTable")
        assert t1.c.x is not None

    @testing.fails_if(lambda:
            testing.against(('mysql', '<', (5, 5))) and
            not testing.requires._has_mysql_fully_case_sensitive()
            )
    def test_reflect_via_fk(self):
        m = MetaData()
        t2 = Table("SomeOtherTable", m, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(t2.name, "SomeOtherTable")
        assert "SomeTable" in m.tables

    @testing.fails_if(testing.requires._has_mysql_fully_case_sensitive)
    @testing.fails_on_everything_except('sqlite', 'mysql', 'mssql')
    def test_reflect_case_insensitive(self):
        m = MetaData()
        t2 = Table("sOmEtAbLe", m, autoload=True, autoload_with=testing.db)
        eq_(t2.name, "sOmEtAbLe")



class ColumnEventsTest(fixtures.RemovesEvents, fixtures.TestBase):
    __backend__ = True

    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
        cls.metadata = MetaData()
        cls.to_reflect = Table(
            'to_reflect',
            cls.metadata,
            Column('x', sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column('y', sa.Integer),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        cls.related = Table(
            'related',
            cls.metadata,
            Column('q', sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey('to_reflect.x')),
            test_needs_fk=True
        )
        sa.Index("some_index", cls.to_reflect.c.y)
        cls.metadata.create_all(testing.db)

    @classmethod
    def teardown_class(cls):
        cls.metadata.drop_all(testing.db)

    def _do_test(self, col, update, assert_, tablename="to_reflect"):
        # load the actual Table class, not the test
        # wrapper
        from sqlalchemy.schema import Table

        m = MetaData(testing.db)
        def column_reflect(insp, table, column_info):
            if column_info['name'] == col:
                column_info.update(update)

        t = Table(tablename, m, autoload=True, listeners=[
            ('column_reflect', column_reflect),
        ])
        assert_(t)

        m = MetaData(testing.db)
        self.event_listen(Table, 'column_reflect', column_reflect)
        t2 = Table(tablename, m, autoload=True)
        assert_(t2)

    def test_override_key(self):
        def assertions(table):
            eq_(table.c.YXZ.name, "x")
            eq_(set(table.primary_key), set([table.c.YXZ]))

        self._do_test(
            "x", {"key": "YXZ"},
            assertions
        )

    def test_override_index(self):
        def assertions(table):
            idx = list(table.indexes)[0]
            eq_(idx.columns, [table.c.YXZ])

        self._do_test(
            "y", {"key": "YXZ"},
            assertions
        )

    def test_override_key_fk(self):
        m = MetaData(testing.db)
        def column_reflect(insp, table, column_info):

            if column_info['name'] == 'q':
                column_info['key'] = 'qyz'
            elif column_info['name'] == 'x':
                column_info['key'] = 'xyz'

        to_reflect = Table("to_reflect", m, autoload=True, listeners=[
            ('column_reflect', column_reflect),
        ])
        related = Table("related", m, autoload=True, listeners=[
            ('column_reflect', column_reflect),
            ])

        assert related.c.qyz.references(to_reflect.c.xyz)

    def test_override_type(self):
        def assert_(table):
            assert isinstance(table.c.x.type, sa.String)
        self._do_test(
            "x", {"type": sa.String},
            assert_
        )

    def test_override_info(self):
        self._do_test(
            "x", {"info": {"a": "b"}},
            lambda table: eq_(table.c.x.info, {"a": "b"})
        )
