# sql/util.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php

"""High level utilities which build upon other modules here.

"""

from .. import exc, util
from .base import _from_objects, ColumnSet
from . import operators, visitors
from itertools import chain
from collections import deque

from .elements import BindParameter, ColumnClause, ColumnElement, \
            Null, UnaryExpression, literal_column, Label
from .selectable import ScalarSelect, Join, FromClause, FromGrouping
from .schema import Column

join_condition = util.langhelpers.public_factory(
                            Join._join_condition,
                            ".sql.util.join_condition")

# names that are still being imported from the outside
from .annotation import _shallow_annotate, _deep_annotate, _deep_deannotate
from .elements import _find_columns
from .ddl import sort_tables


def find_join_source(clauses, join_to):
    """Given a list of FROM clauses and a selectable,
    return the first index and element from the list of
    clauses which can be joined against the selectable.  returns
    None, None if no match is found.

    e.g.::

        clause1 = table1.join(table2)
        clause2 = table4.join(table5)

        join_to = table2.join(table3)

        find_join_source([clause1, clause2], join_to) == clause1

    """

    selectables = list(_from_objects(join_to))
    for i, f in enumerate(clauses):
        for s in selectables:
            if f.is_derived_from(s):
                return i, f
    else:
        return None, None


def visit_binary_product(fn, expr):
    """Produce a traversal of the given expression, delivering
    column comparisons to the given function.

    The function is of the form::

        def my_fn(binary, left, right)

    For each binary expression located which has a
    comparison operator, the product of "left" and
    "right" will be delivered to that function,
    in terms of that binary.

    Hence an expression like::

        and_(
            (a + b) == q + func.sum(e + f),
            j == r
        )

    would have the traversal::

        a <eq> q
        a <eq> e
        a <eq> f
        b <eq> q
        b <eq> e
        b <eq> f
        j <eq> r

    That is, every combination of "left" and
    "right" that doesn't further contain
    a binary comparison is passed as pairs.

    """
    stack = []

    def visit(element):
        if isinstance(element, ScalarSelect):
            # we dont want to dig into correlated subqueries,
            # those are just column elements by themselves
            yield element
        elif element.__visit_name__ == 'binary' and \
            operators.is_comparison(element.operator):
            stack.insert(0, element)
            for l in visit(element.left):
                for r in visit(element.right):
                    fn(stack[0], l, r)
            stack.pop(0)
            for elem in element.get_children():
                visit(elem)
        else:
            if isinstance(element, ColumnClause):
                yield element
            for elem in element.get_children():
                for e in visit(elem):
                    yield e
    list(visit(expr))


def find_tables(clause, check_columns=False,
                include_aliases=False, include_joins=False,
                include_selects=False, include_crud=False):
    """locate Table objects within the given expression."""

    tables = []
    _visitors = {}

    if include_selects:
        _visitors['select'] = _visitors['compound_select'] = tables.append

    if include_joins:
        _visitors['join'] = tables.append

    if include_aliases:
        _visitors['alias'] = tables.append

    if include_crud:
        _visitors['insert'] = _visitors['update'] = \
                    _visitors['delete'] = lambda ent: tables.append(ent.table)

    if check_columns:
        def visit_column(column):
            tables.append(column.table)
        _visitors['column'] = visit_column

    _visitors['table'] = tables.append

    visitors.traverse(clause, {'column_collections': False}, _visitors)
    return tables



def unwrap_order_by(clause):
    """Break up an 'order by' expression into individual column-expressions,
    without DESC/ASC/NULLS FIRST/NULLS LAST"""

    cols = util.column_set()
    stack = deque([clause])
    while stack:
        t = stack.popleft()
        if isinstance(t, ColumnElement) and \
            (
                not isinstance(t, UnaryExpression) or \
                not operators.is_ordering_modifier(t.modifier)
            ):
            cols.add(t)
        else:
            for c in t.get_children():
                stack.append(c)
    return cols


def clause_is_present(clause, search):
    """Given a target clause and a second to search within, return True
    if the target is plainly present in the search without any
    subqueries or aliases involved.

    Basically descends through Joins.

    """

    for elem in surface_selectables(search):
        if clause == elem:  # use == here so that Annotated's compare
            return True
    else:
        return False

def surface_selectables(clause):
    stack = [clause]
    while stack:
        elem = stack.pop()
        yield elem
        if isinstance(elem, Join):
            stack.extend((elem.left, elem.right))
        elif isinstance(elem, FromGrouping):
            stack.append(elem.element)

def selectables_overlap(left, right):
    """Return True if left/right have some overlapping selectable"""

    return bool(
                set(surface_selectables(left)).intersection(
                        surface_selectables(right)
                    )
            )

def bind_values(clause):
    """Return an ordered list of "bound" values in the given clause.

    E.g.::

        >>> expr = and_(
        ...    table.c.foo==5, table.c.foo==7
        ... )
        >>> bind_values(expr)
        [5, 7]
    """

    v = []

    def visit_bindparam(bind):
        v.append(bind.effective_value)

    visitors.traverse(clause, {}, {'bindparam': visit_bindparam})
    return v


def _quote_ddl_expr(element):
    if isinstance(element, util.string_types):
        element = element.replace("'", "''")
        return "'%s'" % element
    else:
        return repr(element)


class _repr_params(object):
    """A string view of bound parameters, truncating
    display to the given number of 'multi' parameter sets.

    """
    def __init__(self, params, batches):
        self.params = params
        self.batches = batches

    def __repr__(self):
        if isinstance(self.params, (list, tuple)) and \
            len(self.params) > self.batches and \
            isinstance(self.params[0], (list, dict, tuple)):
            msg = " ... displaying %i of %i total bound parameter sets ... "
            return ' '.join((
                        repr(self.params[:self.batches - 2])[0:-1],
                        msg % (self.batches, len(self.params)),
                        repr(self.params[-2:])[1:]
                    ))
        else:
            return repr(self.params)




def adapt_criterion_to_null(crit, nulls):
    """given criterion containing bind params, convert selected elements
    to IS NULL.

    """

    def visit_binary(binary):
        if isinstance(binary.left, BindParameter) \
            and binary.left._identifying_key in nulls:
            # reverse order if the NULL is on the left side
            binary.left = binary.right
            binary.right = Null()
            binary.operator = operators.is_
            binary.negate = operators.isnot
        elif isinstance(binary.right, BindParameter) \
            and binary.right._identifying_key in nulls:
            binary.right = Null()
            binary.operator = operators.is_
            binary.negate = operators.isnot

    return visitors.cloned_traverse(crit, {}, {'binary': visit_binary})


def splice_joins(left, right, stop_on=None):
    if left is None:
        return right

    stack = [(right, None)]

    adapter = ClauseAdapter(left)
    ret = None
    while stack:
        (right, prevright) = stack.pop()
        if isinstance(right, Join) and right is not stop_on:
            right = right._clone()
            right._reset_exported()
            right.onclause = adapter.traverse(right.onclause)
            stack.append((right.left, right))
        else:
            right = adapter.traverse(right)
        if prevright is not None:
            prevright.left = right
        if ret is None:
            ret = right

    return ret


def reduce_columns(columns, *clauses, **kw):
    """given a list of columns, return a 'reduced' set based on natural
    equivalents.

    the set is reduced to the smallest list of columns which have no natural
    equivalent present in the list.  A "natural equivalent" means that two
    columns will ultimately represent the same value because they are related
    by a foreign key.

    \*clauses is an optional list of join clauses which will be traversed
    to further identify columns that are "equivalent".

    \**kw may specify 'ignore_nonexistent_tables' to ignore foreign keys
    whose tables are not yet configured, or columns that aren't yet present.

    This function is primarily used to determine the most minimal "primary key"
    from a selectable, by reducing the set of primary key columns present
    in the the selectable to just those that are not repeated.

    """
    ignore_nonexistent_tables = kw.pop('ignore_nonexistent_tables', False)
    only_synonyms = kw.pop('only_synonyms', False)

    columns = util.ordered_column_set(columns)

    omit = util.column_set()
    for col in columns:
        for fk in chain(*[c.foreign_keys for c in col.proxy_set]):
            for c in columns:
                if c is col:
                    continue
                try:
                    fk_col = fk.column
                except exc.NoReferencedColumnError:
                    # TODO: add specific coverage here
                    # to test/sql/test_selectable ReduceTest
                    if ignore_nonexistent_tables:
                        continue
                    else:
                        raise
                except exc.NoReferencedTableError:
                    # TODO: add specific coverage here
                    # to test/sql/test_selectable ReduceTest
                    if ignore_nonexistent_tables:
                        continue
                    else:
                        raise
                if fk_col.shares_lineage(c) and \
                    (not only_synonyms or \
                    c.name == col.name):
                    omit.add(col)
                    break

    if clauses:
        def visit_binary(binary):
            if binary.operator == operators.eq:
                cols = util.column_set(chain(*[c.proxy_set
                            for c in columns.difference(omit)]))
                if binary.left in cols and binary.right in cols:
                    for c in reversed(columns):
                        if c.shares_lineage(binary.right) and \
                            (not only_synonyms or \
                            c.name == binary.left.name):
                            omit.add(c)
                            break
        for clause in clauses:
            if clause is not None:
                visitors.traverse(clause, {}, {'binary': visit_binary})

    return ColumnSet(columns.difference(omit))


def criterion_as_pairs(expression, consider_as_foreign_keys=None,
                        consider_as_referenced_keys=None, any_operator=False):
    """traverse an expression and locate binary criterion pairs."""

    if consider_as_foreign_keys and consider_as_referenced_keys:
        raise exc.ArgumentError("Can only specify one of "
                                "'consider_as_foreign_keys' or "
                                "'consider_as_referenced_keys'")

    def col_is(a, b):
        #return a is b
        return a.compare(b)

    def visit_binary(binary):
        if not any_operator and binary.operator is not operators.eq:
            return
        if not isinstance(binary.left, ColumnElement) or \
                    not isinstance(binary.right, ColumnElement):
            return

        if consider_as_foreign_keys:
            if binary.left in consider_as_foreign_keys and \
                        (col_is(binary.right, binary.left) or
                        binary.right not in consider_as_foreign_keys):
                pairs.append((binary.right, binary.left))
            elif binary.right in consider_as_foreign_keys and \
                        (col_is(binary.left, binary.right) or
                        binary.left not in consider_as_foreign_keys):
                pairs.append((binary.left, binary.right))
        elif consider_as_referenced_keys:
            if binary.left in consider_as_referenced_keys and \
                        (col_is(binary.right, binary.left) or
                        binary.right not in consider_as_referenced_keys):
                pairs.append((binary.left, binary.right))
            elif binary.right in consider_as_referenced_keys and \
                        (col_is(binary.left, binary.right) or
                        binary.left not in consider_as_referenced_keys):
                pairs.append((binary.right, binary.left))
        else:
            if isinstance(binary.left, Column) and \
                        isinstance(binary.right, Column):
                if binary.left.references(binary.right):
                    pairs.append((binary.right, binary.left))
                elif binary.right.references(binary.left):
                    pairs.append((binary.left, binary.right))
    pairs = []
    visitors.traverse(expression, {}, {'binary': visit_binary})
    return pairs



class AliasedRow(object):
    """Wrap a RowProxy with a translation map.

    This object allows a set of keys to be translated
    to those present in a RowProxy.

    """
    def __init__(self, row, map):
        # AliasedRow objects don't nest, so un-nest
        # if another AliasedRow was passed
        if isinstance(row, AliasedRow):
            self.row = row.row
        else:
            self.row = row
        self.map = map

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return self.map[key] in self.row

    def has_key(self, key):
        return key in self

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.row[self.map[key]]

    def keys(self):
        return self.row.keys()


class ClauseAdapter(visitors.ReplacingCloningVisitor):
    """Clones and modifies clauses based on column correspondence.

    E.g.::

      table1 = Table('sometable', metadata,
          Column('col1', Integer),
          Column('col2', Integer)
          )
      table2 = Table('someothertable', metadata,
          Column('col1', Integer),
          Column('col2', Integer)
          )

      condition = table1.c.col1 == table2.c.col1

    make an alias of table1::

      s = table1.alias('foo')

    calling ``ClauseAdapter(s).traverse(condition)`` converts
    condition to read::

      s.c.col1 == table2.c.col1

    """
    def __init__(self, selectable, equivalents=None,
                        include=None, exclude=None,
                        include_fn=None, exclude_fn=None,
                        adapt_on_names=False):
        self.__traverse_options__ = {'stop_on': [selectable]}
        self.selectable = selectable
        if include:
            assert not include_fn
            self.include_fn = lambda e: e in include
        else:
            self.include_fn = include_fn
        if exclude:
            assert not exclude_fn
            self.exclude_fn = lambda e: e in exclude
        else:
            self.exclude_fn = exclude_fn
        self.equivalents = util.column_dict(equivalents or {})
        self.adapt_on_names = adapt_on_names

    def _corresponding_column(self, col, require_embedded,
                              _seen=util.EMPTY_SET):
        newcol = self.selectable.corresponding_column(
                                    col,
                                    require_embedded=require_embedded)
        if newcol is None and col in self.equivalents and col not in _seen:
            for equiv in self.equivalents[col]:
                newcol = self._corresponding_column(equiv,
                                require_embedded=require_embedded,
                                _seen=_seen.union([col]))
                if newcol is not None:
                    return newcol
        if self.adapt_on_names and newcol is None:
            newcol = self.selectable.c.get(col.name)
        return newcol

    magic_flag = False
    def replace(self, col):
        if not self.magic_flag and isinstance(col, FromClause) and \
            self.selectable.is_derived_from(col):
            return self.selectable
        elif not isinstance(col, ColumnElement):
            return None
        elif self.include_fn and not self.include_fn(col):
            return None
        elif self.exclude_fn and self.exclude_fn(col):
            return None
        else:
            return self._corresponding_column(col, True)


class ColumnAdapter(ClauseAdapter):
    """Extends ClauseAdapter with extra utility functions.

    Provides the ability to "wrap" this ClauseAdapter
    around another, a columns dictionary which returns
    adapted elements given an original, and an
    adapted_row() factory.

    """
    def __init__(self, selectable, equivalents=None,
                        chain_to=None, include=None,
                        exclude=None, adapt_required=False):
        ClauseAdapter.__init__(self, selectable, equivalents, include, exclude)
        if chain_to:
            self.chain(chain_to)
        self.columns = util.populate_column_dict(self._locate_col)
        self.adapt_required = adapt_required

    def wrap(self, adapter):
        ac = self.__class__.__new__(self.__class__)
        ac.__dict__ = self.__dict__.copy()
        ac._locate_col = ac._wrap(ac._locate_col, adapter._locate_col)
        ac.adapt_clause = ac._wrap(ac.adapt_clause, adapter.adapt_clause)
        ac.adapt_list = ac._wrap(ac.adapt_list, adapter.adapt_list)
        ac.columns = util.populate_column_dict(ac._locate_col)
        return ac

    adapt_clause = ClauseAdapter.traverse
    adapt_list = ClauseAdapter.copy_and_process

    def _wrap(self, local, wrapped):
        def locate(col):
            col = local(col)
            return wrapped(col)
        return locate

    def _locate_col(self, col):
        c = self._corresponding_column(col, True)
        if c is None:
            c = self.adapt_clause(col)

            # anonymize labels in case they have a hardcoded name
            if isinstance(c, Label):
                c = c.label(None)

        # adapt_required used by eager loading to indicate that
        # we don't trust a result row column that is not translated.
        # this is to prevent a column from being interpreted as that
        # of the child row in a self-referential scenario, see
        # inheritance/test_basic.py->EagerTargetingTest.test_adapt_stringency
        if self.adapt_required and c is col:
            return None

        return c

    def adapted_row(self, row):
        return AliasedRow(row, self.columns)

    def __getstate__(self):
        d = self.__dict__.copy()
        del d['columns']
        return d

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        self.__dict__.update(state)
        self.columns = util.PopulateDict(self._locate_col)

